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TỔNG HỢP TỪ VỰNG CẦN DÙNG TRONG IELTS

Trong bài thi IELTS từ vựng đóng một vai trò rất quan trọng . Để chinh phục được mức điểm lý tưởng hay nhớ được các từ vựng chuyên sau, người học trước tiên phải thuộc những từ vựng cơ bản trước. Ở đây, IEEP đã tổng hợp một số từ vựng cơ bản nhưng vô cùng quan trọng giúp các bạn tham khảo, làm bài thi “mượt mà” hơn nhé!

Environment

Pollution

Environmental deterioration : tình trạng môi trường xấu đi

a) Eg : Environmental deterioration has become one of the most severe threats to the survival of mankind

Environmental degradation : tình trạng môi trường xuống cấp

a) Eg : dependence on fossil fuel for worldwide energy supply would cause environmental degradation

wreak devastation on our environment : tàn phá môi trường

a) Eg : a throwaway culture which wreaks devastation on our environment

Air quality : chất lượng không khí

a) Eg : adopting this new technology would be a more effective strategy for optimizing air quality, especially in big cities.

taking a heavy toll on the environment: tàn phá môi trường nặng nề

a) Eg : the automobile, mining and steel industry, are without doubt taking a heavy toll on the environment

being exposed to chemicals : bị tiếp xúc với chất hóa học

a) Eg : Many incidents where large schools of fish are killed have happened in consequence of being exposed to chemicals

harmful to the surroundings : có hại cho môi trường

a) Eg : other means of transport that are harmful to the surroundings but more convenient for their lives.

Sources of Energy

sustainable sources of energy : các dạng năng lượng bền vững

a) Eg : Governments across continents have turned their attention to more sustainable sources of energy

Energy scarcity : khan hiếm năng lượng

a) Eg : This is a safe solution to the fear of energy scarcity and ensures the future development of the human race.

combustion of fossil fuels : sự đốt nhiên liệu hóa thạch

a) Eg : The combustion of fossil fuels is the culprit of greenhouse gas emission and other air pollutants

exploit its natural resources : khai thác tài nguyên thiên nhiên

a) Eg : we continue to exploit its natural resources for the sake of the economy,

to deplete natural resources : làm cạn kiệt tài nguyên thiên nhiên

a) EG : a throwaway culture which wreaks devastation on our environment and depletes our natural resources is formed largely by modern consumerism.

unsustainable exploitation of natural resources : sự khai thác không bền vững tài nguyên thiên nhiên

a) Eg : This, together with the unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, poses serious threats to the survival of mankind.

Waste - recycling

Short-lived products : những sản phẩm có tuổi thọ ngắn

a) Eg : people nowadays tend to use short-lived and environment-damaging products

single-use products : những sản phẩm dùng một lần

a) Eg : The market is also flooded with cheap, single-use products

Disposable : chỉ dùng được một hoặc một vài lần ( găng tay, dao cạo râu)

a) Eg : people nowadays tend to use short-lived and environment-damaging products, such as disposable lunchboxes and chopsticks

Throw-away society : xã hội sử dụng nhiều sản phẩm có thời gian sử dụng ngắn ( a society in which things are not made to last a long time )

a) Eg : Many people say that we have developed into a “throw-away” culture, because we are filling up our environment with so many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of

consumerism that encourages the mass production : chủ nghĩa tiêu dùng khuyến khích sự sản xuất hàng loạt

a) Eg : society is greatly affected by consumerism that encourages the mass production of short-lived goods and the consumption of those goods

classify household garbage : phân loại rác gia đình

a) Eg : one can classify household garbage to facilitate waste recycling and reduce car use to cut down the emission of waste gas

separating their biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste : phân loại chất thải có thể phân hủy và không thể phân hủy tự nhiên

a) Eg : residents can spend just a few minutes separating their biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste

subsidize environmentally friendly products : trợ giá những sản phẩm thân thiện với môi trường

a) Eg : the government should subsidize environmentally friendly products to make them cheaper and more widely used.

Fertile land : đất màu mỡ

a) Eg : For instance, a set batter could turn fertile lands within 50 square meters into a barren desert

Barren desert : hoang mạc cằn cỗi

a) Eg : For instance, a set batter could turn fertile lands within 50 square meters into a barren desert

cause landfills to become overloaded : Khiến cho bãi chứa rác trở nên quá tải

a) Eg : Products constantly ending up in trash bins will cause landfills to become overloaded with massive piles of garbage

massive piles of garbage : những đống rác lớn

a) Eg : Products constantly ending up in trash bins will cause landfills to become overloaded with massive piles of garbage

non-recyclable and plastic items : những sản phẩm không thể tái chế và sản phẩm nhựa
buried underground : bị chôn dưới lòng đất

a) Eg : The rest of the garbage, usually non-recyclable and plastic items, is either buried underground or burnt

waste management : việc xử lý rác thải

a) Eg : Another prime example is in waste management processes

waste recycling plants : nhà máy tái chế rác thải

a) Eg : While residents can spend just a few minutes separating their biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste, it takes days for waste recycling plants to achieve the same task.

excessive packaging : việc sử dụng quá nhiều bao bì để đóng gói hàng hóa.

a) Eg : We should not buy things with excessive packaging

Animals - Plants / Ecosystem

Sacrifice for the benefits of human race : hy sinh vì lợi ích con người

a) Eg : they believe that animals should be sacrificed for the benefits of human races

Conducting experiments on animals : thực hiện thí nghiệm trên động vât

a) Eg : Conducting experiments on animals before launching a new therapy is also a responsible practice to patients who deserve every respect to their life.

intrinsic right to life : quyền căn bản được sống

a) Eg : However, it is equally reasonable to say that animals have their intrinsic right to life

cruel way of experimentation : cách thích nghiệm tàn nhẫn

a) Eg : That is why many opponents of animal testation suggest computer simulation, hoping to replace the cruel way of experimentation with machine

genetic erosion : sự sói mòn nguồn gen

a) Eg : the deterioration of natural habitats, genetic erosion and the rarity, even disappearance, of a number of plant and animal species

rampant illegal hunting : việc săn bắn trái phép tràn lan

a) Eg : Rapid industrialization along with rampant illegal hunting are the driving forces behind such a tragedy

rampant poaching : = rampant illegal hunting

a) Eg : The increased demand for goods made from animals’ products, such as skins and horns, also leads to the rampant poaching of wild, endangered animals.

inflicting tremendous damage on animals’ natural habitats : gây thiệt hại nặng nề cho môi trường sống của động vật

a) Eg : many heavy industries such as steel and mining are inflicting tremendous damage on animals’ natural habitats

to keep the natural environment for these animals untouched : giữ cho môi trường thiên nhiên nguyên vẹn

a) Eg : First of all, the expansion of heavy industries should be stopped by law to keep the natural environment for these animals untouched

poachers should be strictly punished : những kẻ săn bán nên bị trừng phạt nghiêm khắc

a) Eg : Last but not least, poachers should be strictly punished and more conservation areas should be constructed in order to shelter endangered animals.

preserving their native animal species : bảo tồn các sinh vật bản địa

a) Eg : countries need to invest more money in preserving their native animal species.

all living beings have equal rights to live : tất cả sinh vật đều có quyền sống bình đẳng

a) Eg : others, including myself, feel that all living beings, human and animal, have equal rights to live in peace

maintain a diverse range of animals and wildlife : duy trì sự đa dạng của động vật trong thiên nhiên

a) Eg : I firmly believe that it is essential for the health of the planet to maintain a diverse range of animals and wildlife within all eco-systems

disturbing the food chain : phá vỡ chuỗi thức ăn trong tự nhiên

a) Eg : Industrial activities have been devastating the natural habitats of wildlife and disturbing the food chain

food chain is disrupted : chuỗi thức ăn bị gián đoạn

a) Eg : many other animals and even plants will suffer as the food chain is disrupted

kept in manmade cells : nhốt trong chuồng do con người tạo ra

a) Eg : I disagree that animals should be kept in manmade cells.

kept in very confined areas : nhốt trong những khu vực giới hạn

a) Eg : zoo animals are kept in very confined areas compared with their vast natural habitat

confined in cages : bị nhốt trong lồng

a) Eg : lions and tigers are confined in cages where they lack exercise and stimulation

breeding programs : chương trình nhân giống cho động vật

a) Eg : the breeding programs taken up by zoos are not very successful

a stress to fragile ecosystems : áp lực cho những hệ sinh thái dễ bị tổn thương

a) Eg : many tourism activities such as skiing, boating, motorised water-sports, and trekking represent a stress to fragile ecosystems.

Environmental responsibility

take responsibility for protecting the environment : chịu trách nhiệm bảo vệ môi trường

a) Eg : governments and corporations take responsibility for protecting the environment. Governments could enact laws to reduce many environmental problems

shoulder their own share of responsibility : chia sẻ phần trách nhiệm của mình

a) Eg : Every citizen should shoulder their own share of responsibility to protect the environment.

heighten social awareness : nâng cao nhận thức xã hội

a) Eg : optional courses about the advantages of cycling to the environment at schools seem to be imperative to heighten social awareness of this matter.

refrain from using products made from animal skin or horn : hạn chế sử dụng sản phẩm từ da hoặc sừng động vật

a) Eg :Individuals should be well-informed that their unnecessary needs are a large cause of animal suffering, and hence, should refrain from using products made from animal skin or horn

restore a healthy balance : tái tạo lại sự cân bằng lành mạnh

a) Eg : it is our responsibility to do whatever necessary, regardless of time and money, in order to restore a healthy balance to the planet’s natural environments.

environmentally conscious : có ý thức về môi trường

a) Eg : Another reason is that the majority of people are becoming less environmentally conscious

concerned about their own interests : chỉ quan tâm tới lợi ích của mình

a) Eg : Another reason is that the majority of people are becoming less environmentally conscious

imposes heavy fines on those who violate environmental laws : áp dụng hình phạt nặng với những ai vi phạm luật môi trường

a) Eg : the government tries to raise the public’s awareness of environmental issues and even imposes heavy fines on those who violate environmental laws

active cooperation of residents : sự hợp tác tích cực từ người dân

a) Eg : all the policies and campaigns will show no effect without the active cooperation of residents

make a significant contribution : đóng góp đáng kể

a) Eg : individuals also need to make a significant contribution to the process of keeping the planet clean.

humans are held accountable : con người phải chịu trách nhiệm

a) Eg : humans are held accountable and should do what is needed to rectify the situation.

bring our own personal shopping bags : sử dụng túi cá nhân để đi chợ

a) Eg : We can also bring our own personal shopping bags instead of using plastic bags provided by stores and shops

biodegradable packaging : bao bì, đóng gói có thể phân hủy tự nhiên được

a) Eg : The government can enforce stricter lawson companies to use biodegradable packaging.

Recyclable material : chất liệu có thể tái chế được

a) Eg : Companies can also contribute by developing new raw material which is recyclable and will ultimately lead to less garbage.

utmost respect for the environment : sự tôn trọng tuyệt đối cho môi trường

a) Eg : travelers not only discover new experiences, but do so with utmost respect for the environment.

poorly enforced environmental regulations : quy định

a) Eg : Tourism can also contribute to water and energy shortages, degradation of water supplies and ecosystem degradation, owing to ad hoc development and weak or poorly enforced environmental regulations.

Economy - Tourism- Transport vs. Environment

for the sake of the economy : vì lợi ích kinh tế

a) Eg : we continue to exploit its natural resources for the sake of the economy

backbone of many economies : là xương sống của nhiều nền kinh tế

a) Eg : It is irrefutable that tourism industry has become the backbone of many economies of the world.

make way for factories : nhường chỗ cho nhà máy

a) Eg : . Forests which are home to wild animals are being cut down to make way for factories and fuel their operation

Automobile industry : nền kinh tế ô tô

a) Eg : The automobile industry, in many countries all over the world, has developed the technology to help reduce energy needs and to decrease pollution

Mass transit : hệ thống giao thông công cộng

a) Eg : mass transit is a very effective method for moving large numbers of people quickly with few vehicles and reduced air pollution

practice eco-tourism : tham gia du lịch sinh thái

a) Eg : many tourists are anxious to practice eco-tourism

OThers

Timber industry : ngành công nghiệp gỗ

a) The economic burdens climate change creates come from a disruption to Canada’s timber industry arising from changing environmental conditions,

extreme weather patterns : những hiện tượng thời tiết cực đoạn

a) humanitarian funds to help those affected by the drastic increase projected for extreme weather patterns.

harsher conditions : điều kiện khắc nghiệt hơn

a) The more climate change creates harsher conditions that are detrimental to global food production the more the global economy suffers.

environmentally destructive activities : những hoạt động tàn phá môi trường

a) there are those defending environmentally destructive activities by claiming they are doing so for the sake of the economy.

incalculable costs of human suffering : cái giá

a) It in the long term would also contribute to future economic hardship and the risk of massive global recession, not to mention the incalculable costs of human suffering

economy and environment are not in opposition with one another : kinh tế và môi trường không đối nghịch nhau

a) The problem with this perception is that the economy and environment are not in opposition with one another.

prerequisite (n) : tiền đề

a) A healthy environment is a prerequisite for a healthy economy.

trade-offs between economic benefit and ecological impact : sự đánh đổi giữa lợi ích kinh tế và tác động sinh thái

a) we should explicitly identify trade-offs between economic benefit and ecological impact.

to tackle the global climate breakdown : giải quyết khủng hoảng khí hậu

a) The science is telling us loud and clear that we have very limited time to tackle the global climate breakdown.

linked to a host of health problems : liên quan tới một loạt vấn đề sức khỏe

a) It has been linked to a host of health problems including asthma, lung disease, strokes, cancer and mental health problems.

Human-caused global heating : sự nóng lên toàn cầu do con người gây ra

a) Human-caused global heating, and the current failure to meaningfully cut emissions, means the heat we experience is likely to become more intense and more frequent.

b) Around 7 in 10 Americans (69%) think climate change is happening, more than half understand it’s human-caused

biodiversity hot spot : những nơi giàu tính đa dạng sinh học

a) As the smoke starts to clear from the wildfires that ripped through the biodiversity hot spot, the damage is becoming clear.

approach tipping point : tiến đến điểm tới hạn

a) Scientists worry that we are rapidly approaching a tipping point, where levels of destruction push the Amazon to a place from which it cannot recover.

Put the brakes on catastrophic climate change : hãm lại sự biến đổi khí hậu tàn khốc

a) Time is running out to put the brakes on catastrophic climate change

Education

Role of schools, teachers and friends :

console : an ủi

a) Eg : In addition, As long as perceiving psychological abnormity of a student, a teacher can instruct, console or encourage him or her.

instilling right social values, ethics and law-abiding consciousness : làm thuấn nhuần những giá trị xã hội đúng đắn, đạo đức và tư tưởng tuân thủ pháp luật

a) Eg : A teacher can also make moral education available, by instilling right social values, ethics and law-abiding consciousness into minds of childrenA teacher can also make moral education available, by instilling right social values, ethics and law-abiding consciousness into minds of children

interpersonal skills : kỹ năng tạo dựng mối quan hệ

a) Eg : . Lastly, teachers serve as role models in teaching children interpersonal skills

Role model : hình mẫu noi theo

a) Eg : Lastly, teachers serve as role models in teaching children interpersonal skills

reach a higher-level proficiency : đạt được sự thông thạo ở mức độ cao hơn

a) Eg : . For example, a student who has a long-term observation of how a teacher interacts with, listens to and convinces other peers can reach a higher-level proficiency in using social skills

formal education is irreplaceable : giáo dục trường lớp là không thể thay thế

a) Eg : my conviction is that formal education is irreplaceable in any society

teachers’ guidance and peer support : sự hướng dẫn của giáo viên và hỗ trợ của bạn bè

a) Eg : Lack of teachers’ guidance and peer support is a clear disadvantage to this form of learning

establish friendships : gây dựng tình bạn

a) Eg : Children who go to school and establish friendships can both have fun and improve their learning outcomes.

improve their learning outcomes : cải thiện kết quả học tập

a) Eg : Children who go to school and establish friendships can both have fun and improve their learning outcomes.

facilitators of knowledge : người hướng dẫn về mặt tri thức

a) Eg : Teachers will become facilitators of knowledge and no longer the only experts because of the rapid and constant changes and additions to information that can be found.

lay a basis for a student’s cognitive development : đặt nền tảng cho sự phát triển nhận thức của học sinh

a) Eg : The fundamental aim of this early stage of education is simply to lay a basis for a student’s cognitive development through the learning of language, art and basic science.

to be equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge : không được trang bị với những kỹ năng và kiến thức cần thiết

a) Eg : People who complete this level of education are not equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge to enter the workforce.

degree holders : những người có bằng ( sau một cấp học nào đó)

a) Eg : In fact, nowadays, many middle and high schools hire a large number of secondary education degree holders who work better with younger age groups and are more familiar with the subjects taught at this level of education.

facilitate their learning process : hỗ trợ quá trình học tập

a) They can discuss that question and have it fully and immediately answered, which can greatly facilitate their learning process

have a more thorough insight into the issue : có một cái nhìn thấu đáo hơn về vấn đề

a) Thanks to this, all students will have a more thorough insight into the issue.

child’s overall development : sự phát triển về mọi mặt của đứa trẻ

a) Important as it is to a child’s overall development, primary education does not provide any necessary work skills.

schooling systems : hệ thống trường học

a) Furthermore, I would argue that investing in secondary schooling systems and delivering secondary education to young students are of greater importance when it comes to improving the overall employment rate of a country

the acquisition of knowledge : sự thu nhận tri thức

a) In today’s society, where the acquisition of knowledge is the key to better career prospects, having access to tertiary education is a life-changing opportunity for many students

life-changing opportunity : cơ hội đổi đời

a) having access to tertiary education is a life-changing opportunity for many students.

Curriculum and subjects

making a well-rounded student : tạo nên một học sinh toàn diện

a) Eg : The most important benefit of arts in schools is that it contributes to making a well-rounded student

enhance and complement academic skills : tăng cường và bổ trợ các kỹ năng học thuật

a) Eg : Not only that, certain forms of arts instruction enhance and complement academic skills such as basic reading skills, language development and writing skills.

encourages the pursuit of extra-curricular activities : khuyến khích sự tham gia các hoạt động ngoại khóa

a) Eg : Not only that, certain forms of arts instruction enhance and complement academic skills such as basic reading skills, language development and writing skills.

hidden abilities are exposed : những khả năng tiềm ẩn được bộc lộ

a) Eg : When such hidden abilities are exposed in school time then those with exceptional talent can be encouraged to adopt it as a profession later on in life.

exceptional talent : tài năng xuất chúng

a) Eg : When such hidden abilities are exposed in school time then those with exceptional talent can be encouraged to adopt it as a profession later on in life.

stress-busters : thứ gây căng thẳng

a) Eg : . Last but not least, such subjects are stress-busters

pressure of academic subjects : áp lực của các môn học thuật

a) Eg : . In the highly competitive era of today, pressure of academic subjects is too high.

monotony of tough academic studies : sự nhàm chán của các môn học thuật khó

a) Eg : Arts like music, drama and creative writing break the monotony of tough academic studies.

gain a deeper insight into : có được cái nhìn sâu sắc hơn về

a) Eg : In the first place, learning a foreign language can greatly promote cultural communication and help students gain a deeper insight into other cultures.

Tolerant of cultural diversity : bao dung với sự đa dạng văn hóa

a) Eg : . Through the knowledge and experience acquired from foreign language, they can become more tolerant of cultural diversity, and easily adapt to the difference in food, clothing, manners, ways of speaking and thinking, and religions.

Mutual understanding : sự hiểu biết lẫn nhau

a) Eg : Accordingly, it can be expected that people who have a command of foreign languages can have smooth communication, cooperation and mutual understanding with others.

mastering a second language : làm chủ ngôn ngữ thứ hai

a) Eg : In addition, mastering a second language gives people an advantage in job hunting.

an advantage in job hunting : một lợi thế trong việc săn việc làm

a) Eg : In addition, mastering a second language gives people an advantage in job hunting.

cross-culture understanding : sự hiểu biết giữa các nền văn hóa

a) Eg : the importance of foreign language learning should never be underestimated, in terms of its great contributions in cross-culture understanding and employment.

thorny process full of failures and frustrations : một quá trình khó khăn với nhiều thất bại và ức chế.

a) Eg : In fact, except few lingual geniuses, in eyes of the majority of students, language learning is a slow, hard and thorny process full of failures and frustrations

abolish the national curriculum : bãi bỏ chương trình học được áp dụng toàn quốc

a) Eg : If we abolish the national curriculum, anything could be taught and students would have even less equal opportunities

well-rounded education : nền giáo dục toàn diện

a) Eg : . It may also imply that religious schools could teach only religion and ignore science and therefore many students would not receive a well-rounded education.

curriculum is too comprehensive : chương trình học quá rộng

a) Eg : . The present problem is that the curriculum is too comprehensive.

‘one size fits all’ : phù hợp cho tất cả đối tượng

a) Eg : It will no longer be the ‘one size fits all’ approach.

a means to access the resources : một phương tiện để tiếp cận nguồn tài nguyên

a) Eg : Technology will serve as a means to access the resources that students will be able to utilize in order to broaden their learning

impressionable age : tuổi dễ bị tác động

a) Eg : The age of 14-18 is the most impressionable age of a child’s life.

undergo physical and hormonal changes : trải qua những thay đổi về cơ thể và hóc môn

a) Eg : During this period of adolescence, the children undergo physical and hormonal changes because of which they are under a lot of pressure.

acquire more skills : thu được thêm các kỹ năng

a) Eg : Secondly, more education provides the opportunity to acquire more skills and therefore more options

decide upon a suitable career path : quyết định con đường sự nghiệp phù hợp

a) Eg : and therefore staying at school until the age of eighteen will allow them further opportunity to develop their education and time to decide upon a suitable career path.

fit-in : phù hợp với

a) Eg : For instance, many children these days do not fit-in with the current education system and forcing them to participate in school can cause many problems.

disruptive : gây mất trật tự

a) For example, these kinds of students are usually very disruptive in a classroom and this affects other students who are trying to learn.

normally covers a wide range of fields : thường bao phủ một loạt các lĩnh vực

a) Eg : Such education normally covers a wide range of fields where students’ talents and gifts could be substantially discovered and developed via including a significant number of courses

facilitate them to find a decent job : hỗ trợ học trong việc tìm một công việc tử tế

a) Eg : achievements in those fields, which will apparently facilitate them to find a decent job after graduation in such a job market of sizzling competition.

to expand their horizons : mở rộng chân trời tri thức của họ

a) Eg : To begin with, it gives learners opportunities to expand their horizons by showing them a bigger picture of the outside world.

foster students’ awareness : nuôi dưỡng sự nhận thức của học sinh

a) Eg : Having access to foreign historical events and cultures, commentaries on politics, society, and stereotypes in literature from countries abroad will foster students’ awareness of the diversity of the world.

Have a grasp of : nắm bắt được

a) To be more specific, the students will have a grasp of the culture of foreign countries and how to adapt themselves in terms of manners, customs or behaviours if they live in that new environment or dealing with foreigners.

Acquire knowledge and a qualification : thu được kiến thức và một bằng cấp

a) traditional universities are still widely considered as the best way to acquire knowledge and a qualification

having thorough insights into : có những góc nhìn thấu đáo hơn về

a) I believe having thorough insights into what happened in the past at one’s locality develops his patriotism.

a more well-rounded perspective of life : một góc nhìn toàn diện về cuộc sống

a) Acquiring knowledge about the world’s past events equips students with a more well-rounded perspective of life.

accumulate knowledge of this particular field : tích lũy kiến thức ở lĩnh vực cụ thể này.

a) Students who accumulate knowledge of this particular field at an early age would possess a golden selling point to work for foreign enterprises, especially those who highly value company culture like Japan.

polish a candidate's resume : đánh bóng lý lịch của ứng viên

a) Obviously, foreign language learning can polish a candidate's resume because in the well-developed global business, a company's survival seriously depends on foreign enterprises.

lingual geniuses : những thiên tài về ngôn ngữ

a) In fact, except few lingual geniuses, in eyes of the majority of students, language learning is a slow, hard and thorny process full of failures and frustrations

Technology in education

enrich the learning environment : làm giàu cho môi trường học

a) Eg : Specialists in technology will need to be part of the educational environment to constantly enrich the learning environment for students.

imparting knowledge : truyền bá tri thức

a) Eg: despite all the new technology in 2050, school would still remain a study environment and teachers would still be there even if their way of imparting knowledge would be driven by technology

regular face-to-face contact with teachers : sự tương tác trực tiếp thường xuyên với giáo viên

a) Eg : On the one hand, this method of remote learning, without the need for regular face-to-face contact with teachers in a classroom, is negative

Family’s upbringing ( sự nuôi dạy của gia đình )

hereditary characteristics : những tính cách di truyền

a) Eg : Some scientists are of the opinion that hereditary characteristics are responsible for the person’s temperament and hence future career.

child prodigy : thiên tại

a) Eg : A child prodigy can be born to ordinary parents and many intelligent parents can have ordinary children

interplay between hereditary and environmental factors : sự tương tác giữa nhân tố di truyền và môi trường

a) Eg : So, interplay between hereditary and environmental factors must be there.

A talented person can go unnoticed : một người tài có thể không được phát hiện ra

a) Eg : A talented person can go unnoticed in the absence of the right environment and upbringing and an ordinary person can reach great heights with proper training.

nature and nurture : bản năng và sự nuôi dạy

a) Eg : I believe that, both nature and nurture play a part in determining the character of a person.

inextricably linked : liên hệ một cách chặt chẽ

a) Eg : It can also be concluded that both are inextricably linked with each other.

play a significant role in a child’s upbringing : đống vai trò quan trọng trong sự nuôi dạy một đứa trẻ

a) Eg : Both teachers and parents play a significant role in a child’s upbringing

experienced a considerable amount of parental influence : chịu ảnh hưởng không nhỏ từ bố mẹ

a) Eg : Therefore, they have already experienced a considerable amount of parental influence before teachers are even introduced to them.

endow a child with greater intelligence and social skills : cho đứa trẻ nhiều thông minh hơn và các kỹ năng xã hội

a) Better teachers will endow a child with greater intelligence and social skills, however, better teachers are, on average, found at better schools.

financial burden on their families : gánh nặng tài chính cho gia đình

a) Eg : To begin with, the biggest difficulty for students when attending an exchange program is the financial burden on their families.

struggle to cover tuition fees : vật lộn để trang trải học phí

a) More specifically, many parents whose income is at a low or average level may struggle to cover tuition fees and daily living expenses for their children, especially when students study in a developed country.

Student’s choices

Natural inclination : khuynh hướng tự nhiên

a) Eg : universities are forcing them to work against their natural inclination while denying other boys the chance of pursuiting their real interests

non-academic careers : những sự nghiệp phi học thuật

a) Eg : There are also many other types of non-academic careers, such as in the beauty and entertainment industries, that only require a secondary education degree.

apply for scholarships and financial aid : đăng ký học bổng và hỗ trợ tài chính

a) Eg : all international students have equal opportunities to apply for scholarships and financial aid from the host country to ease such financial burdens.

participating in international exchange programs : tham gia và các chương trình trao đổi quốc tế

a) Though financial problems may cause some difficulties for students and their families when participating in international exchange programs

an early commencement of study : sự bắt đầu đi học sớm

a) I believe an early commencement of study would be far more beneficial than a later start

Integrate more easily into the educational environment : : hòa nhập dễ dàng hơn vào môi trường giáo dục

a) As a result, these children will become more mature and integrate more easily into the educational environment in the upcoming years.

disinterest in science subjects : sự không quan tâm tới các môn khoa học

a) There are two principal factors that contribute to the common disinterest in science subjects.

Diligence as well as a great deal of patience and intelligence : sự chăm chỉ cũng như nhiều kiên nhẫn và thông minh

a) First, those subjects are often challenging and require a lot of diligence as well as a great deal of patience and intelligence.

Higher level of both difficulty and commitment : mức độ khó và cam kết cao hơn

a) The number of researches that an average Biology student has to do is more than other subjects with higher level of both difficulty and commitment, which discourages many students from choosing science as their majors.

the scarcity of human resources : sự khan hiếm nhân lực

a) Society greatly suffers from the scarcity of human resources in science fields.

Pushes a worrying number of graduates to the verge of unemployment : đẩy một số lượng đáng quan sinh viên tốt nghiệp tới ngưỡng thất nghiệp

a) In fact, competitiveness increased due to too many degree holders of the same expertise pushes a worrying number of graduates to the verge of unemployment.

face a major human resource crisis : đối mặt với khủng hoảng nhân lực lớn.

a) . Unless more students decided to study science at university, sooner or later we would have to face a major human resource crisis.

is entitled to go to college : được quyền đi học đại học

a) I believe every student is entitled to go to college to acquire tertiary degrees.

pursuing higher education : tham gia bậc học cao hơn

a) While a number of university students opt to stay with their families when pursuing higher education, some choose to live far away

minimize their expenditure : giảm tối thiểu chi phí

a) . As a result, these children would have a head start over their peers pursuing higher education

focus solely on their studies : tập trung hoàn toàn vào việc học

a) . Consequently, students can set aside financial worries and focus solely on their studies and improve their performance.

improve their performance : cải thiện phong độ

a) Consequently, students can set aside financial worries and focus solely on their studies and improve their performance.

strict supervision and a lot of bindings : sự giám sát chặt chẽ và nhiều ràng buộc

a) Nevertheless, staying with families also means that students have to face with strict supervision and a lot of bindings.

live by the norms and rules that their parents set : sống theo những khuôn khổ và luật lệ mà bố mẹ đặt ra

a) . Living in their parents’ house, undergraduates will have to live by the norms and rules that their parents set, which can be restricting and frustrating at times.

help harness their many skills : giúp tăng cường nhiều kỹ năng

a) When living alone, they will have to take care of themselves as well as learn to tolerate and overcome difficult times, which will not only help harness their many skills

shoulder a lot more duties and responsibilities : gánh nhiều nghĩa vụ và trách nhiệm

a) However, living on their own means that students will have to shoulder a lot more duties and responsibilities without the support from their family, ranging from securing their academic result to balancing their budgets.

attend university : tham gia đại học

a) Firstly, high school students with higher grades are more deserved to attend university as their grades somewhat imply that they have superior academic skills compared to their peers

superior academic skills : kỹ năng học thuật nổi trội

a) Firstly, high school students with higher grades are more deserved to attend university as their grades somewhat imply that they have superior academic skills compared to their peers

handle the immense workload and pressure at university : đảm đương khối lượng công việc và áp lực khổng lồ ở đại học

a) Therefore, such students are more likely to handle the immense workload and pressure at university.

prestigious colleges : những trường đại học danh giá

a) For example, most prestigious colleges in Vietnam, whose acceptance rates are low, only recruit the highest scorers in the national university entrance exam

acceptance rates : tỉ lệ nhận sinh viên

a) . For example, most prestigious colleges in Vietnam, whose acceptance rates are low, only recruit the highest scorers in the national university entrance exam

only recruit the highest scorers : chỉ tuyển những người đạt điểm cao nhất

a) . For example, most prestigious colleges in Vietnam, whose acceptance rates are low, only recruit the highest scorers in the national university entrance exam

academically-gifted individuals : những cá nhân tài năng về học thuật

a) they believe that only accepting young academically-gifted individuals is unfair to older students or those who do not do well at school.

vocational training : đào tạo nghề.

a) Additionally, the possession of certain qualifications through fundamental education like vocational training could secure a person’s stable life, which would dispel any ideas of committing crimes.

Education for adults

Providing formal schooling : cung cấp sự giáo dục ở trường lớp

a) Providing formal schooling to adults who cannot read or write proves to be a useful measure to reduce the negative consequences that may occur in a society with high levels of adult illiteracy.

money should be allocated for educating illiterate adults : tiền nên được phân bổ cho giáo dục người lớn mù chữ

a) some people are convinced that more money should be allocated for educating illiterate adults.

improving adult literacy rates : cải thiện tỉ lệ mù chữ ở người trưởng thành

a) Therefore, if more funding is spent on improving adult literacy rates, the education of children and adolescents may suffer as a consequence of less funding

high levels of adult illiteracy : mức độ mù chữ người lớn cao

a) Providing formal schooling to adults who cannot read or write proves to be a useful measure to reduce the negative consequences that may occur in a society with high levels of adult illiteracy.

The government

International aid and countries’ cooperation

International aid : viện trợ quốc tế

a) Eg : International aids from developed countries have improved their living environment and helped them with the development of agriculture, industry and economy.

strengthened cooperation and liaison : tăng cường hợp tác và liên lạc

a) Eg : With the process of economic globalization, many countries and regions have strengthened cooperation and liaison in the fields of industry, agriculture, trade and finance

to dedicate to the mutual development : cống hiến cho sự phát triển chung

Spare no effort : không ngần ngại

by means of technological, medical and financial aid : thông qua viện trợ công nghệ, y tế và tài chính

a) Eg : In order to dedicate to the mutual development, many developed countries spare no effort to help the poor countries

optimize people’s living standard : tối ưu hóa tiêu chuẩn sống

eradicate poverty : xóa đói

a) aids from developed countries optimize people’s living standard and eradicate poverty in the poor countries.

transfer their assembly lines and production bases : chuyển giao dây chuyền và cơ sở sản xuất

a) Eg : With a view to reducing cost, many countries transferred their assembly lines and production bases to the developing countries,

make full use of the local resources : tận dụng tối đa nguồn lực địa phương

a) Eg : This not only solves the problem of low rate of employment in the developing countries but also make full use of the local resources.

bureaucracy and corruption : sự quan liêu và sự tham nhũng

a) Eg : Nevertheless, some countries are showing great concern about the expense of their aid misused by bureaucracy and corruption of some governments.

utilize international aids reasonably : sử dụng viện trợ quốc tế một cách hợp lý

a) Eg : Therefore, the governments should take effective measures to utilize international aids reasonably and prevent misuse

relief efforts : những nỗ lực cứu trợ

plagued by natural disasters : bị thiên tai hoành hành

a) Eg : Today, it is not unusual that countries join relief efforts in another country, , mostly one plagued by natural disasters

cover a broad range of areas : phủ rộng một loạt các lĩnh vực

infrastructure and public service : cơ sở hạ tầng và dịch vụ công

recipient countries : nước nhận ( viện trợ )

a) Eg : At times, international aid expands to cover a broad range of areas, such as infrastructure and public service of recipient countries

interconnected (adj) : liên kết lẫn nhau

the plight of one country : tình thế, hoàn cảnh của một đất nước

a) Besides, the world is increasingly interconnected, so the plight of one country can evolve and eventually affect the rest of the world

keeping blind to other countries’ issues : làm ngơ trước những vấn đề của nước khác

a) Eg : In this globalised world, there is no ground for working in isolation and keeping blind to other countries’ issues.

Avoid further turmoil : tránh những rối loạn về sau

recovery from the economic crisis : sự phục hồi từ khủng hoảng kinh tế

a) Eg : The stability of these countries helped avoid further turmoil of the world’s financial industry and led to the world’s a faster-than-expected recovery from the economic crisis

motivated by this moral principle : có động lực từ nguyên tắc đạo đức

a) Eg : Countries that promise to support less developed members of the global community are sometimes motivated by this moral principle

philanthropic disposition : khuynh hướng nhân đạo

a) Eg : this is essential to the advance of the world’s well-being but also because it is an expression of humans’ philanthropic disposition.

deprived regions : những vùng khó khắn

a) Eg : I suppose the world’s leaders’ hesitation over the provision of international aids to deprived regions is legitimate.

acts of global assistance : những hành động hỗ trợ quốc tế

a) I believe leaders of a country should prioritize the well-being of their citizens and stabilize their economy and politics before carrying out any acts of global assistance.

affluent nations : nước giàu

a) Eg : , their leaders are unable to bear the burden of eradicating domestic poverty or crises due to, for example, terrorism, which calls for the involvement from other affluent nations.

Government spending

allocate their financial resources : phân bổ nguồn lực tài chính

a) Eg : I would argue that the government should allocate their financial resources to widen roads.

satisfying local needs : đáp ứng nhu cầu địa phương

a) Eg : I strongly disagree that governmental support should solely be concentrated on satisfying local needs.

A huge proportion of national budget is allocated : Một phần lớn của ngân sách quốc gia được phân bổ

a) Eg : A huge proportion of national budget is allocated for providing people with easier access to the Internet.

to pour their money into : rót tiền vào

a) Eg : the government draw a conclusion to pour their money into improving the Internet.

enormous amount of governmental funding : một lượng lớn từ sự tài trợ của chính phủ

a) Eg : A huge proportion of national budget is allocated for providing people with easier access to the Internet.

road maintenance costs : chi phí bảo trì đường

a) Eg : A huge proportion of national budget is allocated for providing people with easier access to the Internet.

the maintenance and enhancement of the infrastructure.

a) Eg : Therefore, it is reasonable to assign the costs to car owners to pay for the maintenance and enhancement of the infrastructure.

expenditure for road infrastructure projects : khoản chi cho dự án cơ sở hạ tầng đường xá

to be incurred by the government : (chi phí) chịu bởi chính phí

a) Eg : I believe that the expenditure for road infrastructure projects should be incurred by the government for the following reasons

exorbitant amount of tax : một khoản thuế khổng lồ

a) Eg : Secondly, as in many countries, car buyers are charged an exorbitant amount of tax in order to own and drive a car on road

Government-financed : được chính phủ hỗ trợ tài chính

a) Eg : A government-financed library is supposed to use universal cataloging systems that classify and organize all resources

supported by the tax revenue : được hỗ trợ bởi nguồn thu thuế

a) Eg : if biomedical research is supported by the tax revenue, instead of by private funds, patents and secrets of advanced medical technology do not belong to one private company anymore

interest free loans : những khoản vay không lãi suất

a) Eg : As far as higher education is concerned, the government can have some system of interest free loans for the needy and meritorious students.

Government’s solutions for social issues

tackle traffic congestion : giải quyết tắc đường

a) Eg : Opinions diverge greatly on how to tackle traffic congestion

alleviate the current travelling overload : làm giảm tình trạng giao thông quá tại hiện tại

a) Eg First, this mode of transportation would alleviate the current travelling overload because it decrease the increased number of daily travelers on main streets in either city centers or suburbs.

relieves the density of passengers on public vehicles

a) Eg : this relieves the density of passengers on public vehicles, hence reducing congestions caused by those means of transportation.

enhancement of living standards

a) Eg : Private car owners are increasing in numbers owing to the enhancement of living standards, and they are unlikely to resort to trains or subways since using their own cars is much more convenient.

unfeasible (adj) : Không khả thi

a) Eg : Firstly, it is unfeasible for governments’ support to reach all of the underprivileged as their number is enormous in many separated places around the globe and the type of support they need also varies.

- prioritize the well-being of their citizens : ưu tiên sự hạnh phúc và khỏe mạnh của công dân mình.

- stabilize their economy : Ổn định nền kinh tế

a) Eg : I believe leaders of a country should prioritize the well-being of their citizens and stabilize their economy and politics before carrying out any acts of global assistance.

promote of a healthy lifestyle : Khuyến khích lối sống lành mạnh

a) Eg : On the one hand, the government should pay attention to promoting a healthy lifestyle

Launch propagation campaigns : Phát động những chiến dịch tuyên truyền

heighten social awareness : nâng cao nhận thức xã hội

establish more public facilities : thiết lập nhiều cơ sở vật chất công cộng hơn

a) Eg : The government’s involvement is therefore vital as they can launch propagation campaigns to heighten social awareness or establish more public facilities such as parks as places for residents to physically exercise

healthcare services : dịch vụ chăm sóc sức khỏe

a) Eg : there are more grave threats from contagions like Ebola or unexpected accidents on street, which emphasizes the necessity of treatment and the development of healthcare services.

easier access to the Internet : sự tiếp cận Internet dễ dàng hơn

a) Eg : A huge proportion of national budget is allocated for providing people with easier access to the Internet.

shoulder the responsibility : gánh trách nhiệm

a) Eg : people argue that those who use cars should shoulder the responsibility for the improvement of road systems

give this top priority : ưu tiên việc này nhất

a) Eg : . In fact, the efficiency in road transport is the backbone of a country’s economy, and therefore it would be wrong if governments did not give this top priority

ensure the safety of people : bảo đảm an toàn cho người dân

a) Eg : This is clear evidence that the government should spend money improving the quality of road systems in order to ensure the safety of people

implement effective solutions : thực hiện những giai pháp hiệu quả

a) Eg : the government should be the one to acknowledge the threat, and implement effective solutions.

an underlying motive for a rise in social problems : một động cơ căn bản cho sự gia tăng các vấn đề xã hội

a) Eg : This situation not only reduces the standard of living for many people, but is also an underlying motive for a rise in social problems, such as crime, homelessness, and poverty.

the duty of the government : nghĩa vụ của chính phủ

a) Eg : Adequate education facilities are also the duty of the government

plays a role of a powerful supervisor : đóng vai trò người giám sát quyền lực

a) Eg : In contrast, this risk can be eradicated by the management of the government, which plays a role of a powerful supervisor,

solve the lasting and pressing social problems : giải quyết những vấn đề kéo dài và cấp bách

a) Eg : many highly costly research that might bring great benefits and values to fully solve the lasting and pressing social problems like famine, in-born and infectious diseases, , environmental pollution and depletion of energy.

take the leading role : giữ vai trò dẫn đầu

a) Eg : the government should take the leading role

in the hands of private companies : trong tay của các công ty tư nhân

a) Eg : Firstly, researches into nuclear technology and national defence are very crucial. They cannot be left into the hands of private companies

economic merits : lợi ích kinh tế

a) Eg : In addition to social benefits, there are economic merits that public facilities can offer to communities. An

investment of the private sector : sự đầu tư của khối tư nhân

a) Eg : The first reason is that the arts — referring to music, film and literature altogether—are more likely to attract the investment of the private sector than public facilities.

Sport

professional athletes : vận động viên chuyên nghiệp

: A convincing case in point is that even the professional athletes are likely to get injured if they involve in such activities as boxing and wrestling and this would probably negatively affect their ordinary life

Likely to get injured : dễ bị chấn thương

Eg :A convincing case in point is that even the professional athletes are likely to get injured if they involve in such activities as boxing and wrestling and this would probably negatively affect their ordinary life

a clear line between the safe and dangerous sports : ranh giới rõ ràng giữa thể thao an toàn và mạo hiểm

Eg : . But it seems difficult for the government to draw a clear line between the safe and dangerous sports

gain tremendous popularity : đạt được sự nổi tiếng to lớn

Eg : This is largely because those sports gain tremendous popularity worldwide.

unexpected consequences of taking part in dangerous sports : những hậu quả không lường trước được khi tham gia thể thao mạo hiểm

Eg : This means unexpected consequences of taking part in dangerous sports still exist.

develop a sense of unity, friendship, and sportsmanship between teammates : phát triển tinh thần đoàn kết, tình bạn và thể thao giữa đồng đội

Eg : In addition, team sports also offer players the chance to develop a sense of unity, friendship, and sportsmanship between teammates

enhance their personal skills : tăng cường kỹ năng cá nhân

Eg : When someone plays an individual sport, it usually gives them more opportunities to enhance their personal skills

manage emotions, cope with stress, and build confidence and self-esteem : Quản lý cảm xúc, giải quyết căng thẳng và xây dựng sự tự tin và tự trọng

Eg : it usually gives them more opportunities to enhance their personal skills, such as being able to manage emotions, cope with stress, and build confidence and self-esteem

mental and physical health : sức khỏe về tinh thần và thể chất

Eg : Overall, I feel that all sports offer great benefits for people’s mental and physical health

a great leisure activity : một hoạt động thư giãn tuyệt vời

Eg : On the one hand, nobody can deny that sport is a great leisure activity

the sense of well-being and relaxation : cảm giác khỏe mạnh và thư giãn

Eg : Millions of people all around the world participate in sporting activities everyday simply because of the sense of well-being and relaxation that it brings them

to get fit or stay in shape : trở nên khỏe mạnh hoặc giữ dáng vóc

Eg : People play sport for numerous reasons, including, wanting to get fit or stay in shape

take their mind off the stresses of daily life : quên đi những căng thẳng trong cuộc sống

Eg : People play sport for numerous reasons, including, wanting to get fit or stay in shape, as a way to relax and take their mind off the stresses of daily life, and as a way to socialise and spend time with friends

a way to socialise : một cách để giao lưu

Eg : People play sport for numerous reasons, including, wanting to get fit or stay in shape, as a way to relax and take their mind off the stresses of daily life, and as a way to socialise and spend time with friends

a form of leisure : một hình thức giải trí

Eg : These reasons would indicate that people get involved in sporting activities as a form of leisure.

a lucrative business : một ngành kinh doanh nhiều lợi nhuận

Eg : These days, professional athletes can earn a great deal of money as sports have become a lucrative business.

sponsorships : sự tài trợ

Eg : Furthermore, this business is supported by many companies in various ways, including sponsorships and so forth

devote hard work and time to their training : cống hiến sự chăm chỉ và thời gian cho việc huấn luyện

Eg : When these people find their career rewarding enough in terms of earnings, they are more likely to have greater motivation to devote hard work and time to their training

to bring victory to their country : mang chiến thắng cho tổ quốc

Eg : Brazilian footballers are paid millions of dollars a year just to bring victory to their country, explaining why this nation has won so many championships.

provide young football players with professional training : cung cấp cho các cầu thủ trẻ sự huấn luyện chuyên nghiệp

Eg : HAGL, a prosperous business group in Vietnam, allocated billions of Vietnam Dong to the construction of a sports institute to provide young football players with professional training

have a greater passion for sports : có niềm đam mê lớn hơn cho thể thao

Eg : Aiming at all walks of life, they inspire people to have a greater passion for sports, potentially increasing the number of talented athletes

Bộ từ vựng này sẽ giúp bạn rất nhiều trong việc học IELTS.